An algorithmic approach to construct D-optimal saturated designs for logistic model

In this paper, locally D-optimal saturated designs for a logistic model with one and two continuous input variables have been constructed by modifying the famous Fedorov exchange algorithm. A saturated design not only ensures the minimum number of runs in the design but also simplifies the row exchange computation. The basic idea is to exchange a design point with a point from the design space. The algorithm performs the best row exchange between design points and points form a candidate set representing the design space. Naturally, the resultant designs depend on the candidate set. For gain in precision, intuitively a candidate set with a larger number of points and the low discrepancy is desirable, but it increases the computational cost. Apart from the modification in row exchange computation, we propose implementing the algorithm in two stages. Initially, construct a design with a candidate set of affordable size and then later generate a new candidate set around the points of design searched in the former stage. In order to validate the optimality of constructed designs, we have used the general equivalence theorem. Algorithms for the construction of optimal designs have been implemented by developing suitable codes in R.     

Longitudinal relations between behavioral inhibition and social information processing: Moderating role of maternal supportive reactions to children's emotions

Utilizing multiple measures of interpretive biases, the current study examined the roles of toddlers’ behavioral inhibition (BI) and maternal supportive reactions to children's negative emotions in relation to children's interpretive biases across middle to late childhood. Toddlers’ BI was measured during several laboratory tasks (n = 248) at 2 and 3 years of age. Mothers reported on their reactions to children's negative emotional expressions when children were 7 years old (n = 203), and children's interpretations of social cues were assessed at 7 and 10 years of age (n s = 179 and 161, respectively). Toddlers with high levels of BI expressed less positivity toward social engagement with unfamiliar peers during discussion of ambiguous social situations. Further, children with high BI were less likely to attribute the cause of negative social situations to external factors, particularly when mothers were less accepting of children's negative emotional displays. Findings are discussed in terms of cognition related to the interpretation of ambiguous and threat‐related social situations among temperamentally at‐risk children.     

医疗信息共享对患者转移数量和服务质量水平影响研究

当前我国医院间存在严重的"信息孤岛"，医院参与医疗信息共享意愿不高，患者的诊疗信息被静态碎片化储存而无法充分有效地利用。考虑到医院进行医疗信息共享将降低患者转移成本，本文构建一个多阶段双寡头动态博弈模型研究医疗信息共享对医院竞争过程中患者转移数量和服务质量水平决策的影响。首先，根据是否存在转移成本，将患者分为新患者和经验性患者，借助Hotelling模型刻画患者的效用函数，分析患者就诊决策。然后，在政府价格规制和不考虑医院利他性情景下，构建了医院累积期望收益目标函数，使用动态规划方法，求解实现医院累积期望收益最大化的服务质量水平，获得了实现患者相互转移且医院在市场中共存的马尔可夫完美均衡。最后，根据医院参与医疗信息共享后患者转移成本降为零，分析与比较信息共享前后患者转移数量和服务质量水平变化。研究发现：在不同医院间本身存在患者转移背景下，医院参与信息共享后，患者转移数量增加但存在一个上限，增加的转移量与患者在医院间的转移成本呈正相关，与初始感知效用的差值范围呈负相关；医院参与信息共享后，均衡状态下的医院服务质量水平高于信息共享前的服务质量水平。因此，在不改变当前医保支付方式下，要加快推进医疗信息共享，政府部门可以根据医院的患者数量和服务质量水平变化对其进行定期补贴，以激励医院积极参与医疗信息共享，本文给出了这个补贴的量化表达。     

期权“净购买压力”的隐含信息

使用50ETF期权的高频数据，研究“净购买压力”指标对指数方向性和波动性变化的预测能力，并比较不同加总方法、看涨看跌、不同在值程度的期权以及非对称的“净购买压力”指标隐含信息的差异性.本文发现，50ETF期权“净购买压力”指标隐含着标的指数方向性和波动性的变化信息.在预测指数变化方向时，Delta加总的“净购买压力”隐含的信息已包含在简单加总的指标之中，看涨、看跌期权以及不同在值程度的期权在信息含量上存在差异性.在预测指数波动性时，使用简单加总和使用Gamma、Vega加总的“净购买压力”指标均隐含着未来市场的波动率信息，平值和虚值期权的“净购买压力”指标对波动率具有更强的预测能力.同时，“净购买压力”的隐含信息存在非对称特征.     

Vicarious ostracism and control in young children

After observing ostracism or social exclusion, older children, adolescents and adults report decreased satisfaction of the need for control. Attempting to regain control can motivate aggression in ostracized adults. Research has shown that the onset of ostracism’s harmful effects on children’s behavior is at preschool age. We investigated whether preschoolers would exert more control after witnessing ostracism. A sample of 53 children (Mage = 5 years, 5 months) first watched priming videos either showing ostracism or not. Subsequently, they participated in two ball games. In both of the games (order counterbalanced), children could control the flow of a ball’s motion, either live between two people (i.e., social control) or between two bars on a laptop screen (i.e., non‐social control). Overall, children understood social exclusion when it was displayed in the videos. We found an effect of observed ostracism only on social control. Four‐ to five‐year‐old boys who witnessed ostracism stopped a ball game between two persons longer than boys who did not witness ostracism. Our results suggest that observing social exclusion elevates young boys’ need for control over a social situation. Girls showed a different pattern but their responses did not differ significantly between ostracism and non‐ostracism conditions.     

区块链背景下智能包装产业新模式

区块链具有数据防篡改、可溯源等特点,智能包装具有数据采集、信息互动等优势,区块链可以为智能包装的进一步发展与应用提供新技术,而智能包装则可以拓宽区块链的应用领域,两者的融合必将引发智能包装产业模式的新一轮变革。在深入解析区块链发展阶段、分类、特点,以及智能包装功能、作用、发展现状与问题之基础上,努力探索两者融合发展的融合点、融合路线以及融合模式,能够为智能包装产业发展提供切实的理论指导。     

社会责任信息披露与产品市场竞争 对权益资本成本的影响研究

为研究社会责任信息披露与产品市场竞争对权益资本成本的影响,选取2014—2017年沪深A股上市公司数据进行实证分析。结果表明,企业社会责任信息披露与产品市场竞争都能降低权益资本成本;产品市场竞争的激烈程度影响社会责任信息披露与权益资本成本之间的关系,产品市场竞争越激烈,社会责任信息披露降低权益资本成本效果越明显;上述变量特征关系在非国有企业中比在国有企业中更加显著。根据研究结果,对企业与相关监管机构提出建议：企业应更加注重内外部治理机制的协调发展,在不断提升社会责任信息披露质量的同时,完善自身市场竞争机制,以达到降低权益资本成本的目的;监管机构应加强社会责任信息披露立法,规范我国资本市场发展。     

知识搜索引擎与翻译

信息化进程的纵深发展对翻译行业产生了深刻的影响,译者如何从海量信息中高效获取信息关系到其翻译服务的质量。因此,译者的信息素养和搜索能力显得愈发重要。通过探讨搜索引擎的补充和延伸——知识搜索引擎,着重论述知识搜索引擎相对于传统搜索引擎,在主题分类、一站式知识检索、互动式知识问答、个性化知识库等方面具备的突出优势,并对比国内三大知识搜索引擎,论述其在翻译实践中的重要启示。     

回流农民农业经营职业化的影响因素

基于在甘肃、湖南和贵州三省的调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型,分析了回流农民农业经营决策和新型农民职业化的影响因素。结果表明:回流农民是否从事农业经营和能否成为新型职业农民同时受到个人禀赋、农业信息感知和乡土情结的影响。个人禀赋的影响表现为:教育程度较高和非常健康的回流农民从事农业经营的可能性低;有培训经历和非常健康的回流农民成为新型职业农民的可能性高;农业信息感知的影响表现为:惠农政策感知水平越高,回流农民从事农业经营的可能性越大,成为新型职业农民的可能性也越大;农业风险感知水平越高,回流农民从事农业经营的可能性越低;支农举措感知水平越高,回流农民成为新型职业农民的可能性越大;乡土情结的影响表现为:有土地流入经历的回流农民从事农业经营的可能性更大,爱农情结越深的回流农民越容易成为新型职业农民。建议从改善农业经营金融扶持与农业保险体系、强化农业技术培训、提升农业信息传播效果和激发回流农民乡土情结四个方面入手,吸引更多回流农民从事农业经营,培育更多回流农民成为新型职业农民。     

信息中介论视域下人类认识尺度的相对性——兼论相对真理与绝对真理的辩证关系

现代信息科学和信息哲学揭示,我们面对的世界是一个物质和信息双重存在双重演化的复杂的对象性世界,人的认识在本质上是一个以信息为中介的信息活动过程。从信息活动的视角揭示人类认识过程的多级中介性,以及真理尺度以人的认识中介为参照的具体性、价值尺度以人的有目的性能动选择的相对性,有助于深刻理解和准确把握信息的中介普遍性,人的认识过程发生的复杂性,以及辩证唯物主义关于真理是一个从相对真理到绝对真理的动态发展的历史过程的正确性。